Motor-vehicle control.



T. B. ENTZ.

MOTOR VEHICLE CONTROL.

APPLICATION mio me. 13. |915. uufwzo Mu. zzfms.

1,207,732. Patented B00121916.

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MooR VEHICLE commu. APPLICATION FILED JAN. I3, |915. RENEWED MN.22,19l6.

` 0, 1,207,732., Patented Dec. L, 1310.

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Moron-VEHICLE CONTROL.

Specication of, Letters Patent.

Patented Dec. 12, 1916.

Application filed January 13, 1915, Serial No. 1,906. Renewed January22, 1916. Serial No. 73,755.

To all lwhom it may concern Be it known that I, JUsTUs BQ ENTZ, acitizen of the United States, and a res1dent of the city of Cleveland,county of (Juya-l hoga, and State of Ohio, have invented certain newand-useful Improvements in Motor-Vehicle Control, of which the followinging is a specification.

My invention is directed to improvements in the control of motorvehicles and lhas particular reference to motor vehicles which areoperated and controlled by systems of electric power transmission andcontrol similar to those disclosed in my Patent No. 732,002, June 30,1903, and in my application Serial No. 417,309, filed February 24, 1908.

The modern motor car is provided with means, usually mechanical, mich asshiftable gears, for controlling the transmission of power from theprime mover to the load. It is also provided with a storage batterywhich may be used to start the prime mover through the medium of anelectric motor, and to furnish current for lighting, etc. It thereforebecomes necessary to provide some means `such as an electric generator,driven by the prime mover, to charge the storage battery. The provisionof these various elements, together with the necessary controllinglevers and switching appliances therefor, results in a very complicatedand cumbersome apparatus.

By the inventions described in my above referred to patent andapplication, i have not'oniy improved upon the usual mechanicaipower-controlling means, by substituting therefor systems of electricpower transmission and control which are much more convenient tooperate, but l have greatly simpiified the entire apparatus by makinguse of the elements of the transmission systems, in connection with thensual storage battery, for starting the prime mover, charging thebattery, etc. These s l/stems of transmission and control include twodynamo electric machines, one having one eiement connected to a primemover and the other element to the load; and the other having oneelement stationary and the other element connected to the load; togetherwith a controller for varying the connections between said machines, tovary the speed and torche factors of the power transmitted to the load.tihere is also included a storage battery starting the prime movertlricigh `functionsrequired of the elements of dium of one of the saidmachines and means for charging the storage battery, also through themedium of one of the said machines.

One object of my present invention is t0 improve and simplify thesystems above outlined, and especially the means for controlling andoperating the same.

Another object of my invention is to provide two dynamo electricmachines having such characteristics that they will perform theirfunction of power transmission most eiiciently and to provide means foraltering these machines so that they will have the entirely differentcharacteristics necessary for efficiently performing other functionssuch as the charging of the storage battery while the vehicle is inmotion, the charging of the storage battery while the vehicle isstationary, the electric braking of the vehicle, and the electricstarting of the prime mover.

By my present invention'l have greatly simplified the means forcontrolling the various functions of my improved system, the entirecontrolling means bein reduced to a single drum controller whic may bearranged so that its operating lever is iocated on the steering wneel orat some other convenient place.

It has been found that series dynamo electric machines are most usefuland etiicient for power transmission and control, and therefore usemachines of this type for this purpose. But series machines are not weltadapted to perform certain of the other system.

For instance, i have found t the storage battery can ordinarily be main-'l tained in a sniiicientiy charged condition providing for its beingcharged at a comgarativeiy low rate while the vehicle is running withthe controller in its highest speed position. But, under suchconditions, as wiii hereinafter appear, the armature speed of the dynamoelectric machine which is at this time avaiiabie for charging purposes,varies widely, and this machine `were ofthe series vtype the rate ofcharging wouid vary a ingly. ii, therefore, temporarily coni. machineinto one which will charge the i tery at snhstantiaily constant spectiveof the speed of armature. ril" is indicated above, t'

terv i erator, comprises the rotary armature 3,l

`the charging machine, since it is driven by the prime mover, `the speedof which may vbe maintained substantially constant. Thus it becomesnecessary to again convert one of the series machines into a machinehaving the requisite characteristics for most efficlently meeting thedemands made upon it.

One of the dynamo electric machines of my transmission system mayadvanta- Ageously be used as an electric brake, and

I have therefore provided means whereby the braking action may bevgradually and most efficiently applied, when desired.

In cases of emergency such as engine" trouble or lack of fuel, lit isoften very desirable to have some means of propelling the c'ar withoutthe use of the prime mover. I accomplish this, by providing for thepropulsion of the car by the discharge of the storage battery throughone of the dynamo electric machines, in a manner which will be morefully described hereinafter.

vOther features, objects and advantages of my'invention will appearfromthe following specification and 'the claims appended thereto.

In the drawings: Figure 1 shows, more or less diagrammatically, thegeneral arrangement of the various parts of my transmission as appliedto the chassis of a selfpropelled vehicle. Fig. 2 illustrates,diagran'iinatically, a development of the controller. Figs. 3 to 12,inclusive, show diagrammatically the different electrical connectionscorresponding to different positions ofthe controller.

In the embodiment of my invention illustrated in the.drawing, which isintended merely as an example of one of the many uses to which myinvention may be put, 1 designates the driven shaft of any suitableprime mover, such as an internal combustion engine, adapted to drive aload such as the transmission shaft 2 of a self-propelled vehicle. Thefirst of the two dynamo electric machines, z'. c., that located nearestthe frontv of the vehicle, and which will hereinafter, for convenience,be termed the genconnected to the shaft 2 and moving with it, and therotary field member 4, secured to the shaft 1. Secured to the armature 3is the commutator twith which the brushes (S, mounted on, and rotatingwith, the,l field member, coperate. Of the four collector rings 7, alsomounted on the'field member,

two are for conducting current to and from the field windings, and theother two are electrically connected to the brushes 6. The second dynamoelectric machine, which for convenience will be called the motor,comprises the rotary armature 8, connected to the shaft 2, and thestationary field member 9. Secured to the armature 8 is the commutator10, with which the stationary brushes 1 1 coperate. I make use of anysuitable reversing gear indicated diagrammatically at 12, for reversingthe rotation of the driving wheels, although reversal may be securedelectrically.

In addition to the electrical elements above referred to, I make use ofthe variable resistance 13, the constant resistances 14 and 15, and thestorage battery 16, all of which are shown diagrammatically in Fig. 2.The windings of field 9 of the motor consist of a serieslwinding 9a, anda shunt winding 9b. v

In the ofi" or braking position of the controller, as may be seen byreference to Fig. 5, the motor, with its series field 9 reversed withrespect to its direction in the running position, is'short circuitedthrough a resistance 15 which may'be inductive or noninductive. With theparts so connected, there is no currentin any of the circuits when thecar is stationary, but at speeds of thehcar in excess of 10 to 15 milesan hour a current is generated by the motor which results in an electricbraking action which effectively retards the speed of the car. If theresistance 15 is inductive, the braking effort is more evenly andgradually applied, due to the counter-electromotive force ofselfginduction set up by the initial variation in the current passingthrough the resistance'. As the current continues to pass through theresistance it gradually assumes a constant value and as a result thecounter-electromotive force gradually. decreases, thus permitting thegradual application of braking effort. In the drawing, I have shown thegenerator in open circuit, but, obviously, it may be renderedineffective in any other suitable manner, such as by having its fieldshort circuited upon itself.

In Figs. 6 to 11, inclusive, I have shown the connections correspondingto the first six speed positions of the controller. In each of thesepositions it will be noted that the motor and generator are connected inseries, the series winding of the motor field being utilized and theshunt winding open circuited. fith the parts so connected, the currentproduced in the generator b v the relative movement of its members ispassed through the motor and av corresponding Atorque is produced in themotor to be added to the torque of the .prime mover. Furthermore, byvarying the field strength of the motor, the speed and torque applied tothe load may be varied, since a decrease of field strength of the motordecreases its counterelectro-motive force with the result that less slipis required between the 'elements of the generator to balance such acounter-electro-motive force, and the speed applied to the load iscorrespondingly increased. This increase in speed is accompanied by acorresponding decrease in torque. On the other hand, if the motor fieldis strengthened its `counter-electro-motive force and torque areincreased and the speed of the loa'd is consequently decreased.

In Fi 6, I have shown the connections for starting the vehicle from restor, in other Words, the connections corresponding to the first speedposition of the controller. These connections comprise the necessaryconnections for placing the two dynamo-electric machines in series andinclude also the placing of a resistance 14, in shunt with the seriesfield 4 of the generator. This resistance is preferably non-inductiveand as a result, upon the movement of the controller to this position,the greater proportion of the first rush of current from the generatorwill pass through the non-inductive shunt, rather than through theinductive field Winding. In other Words, the shunt serves to divert theexcessive starting current from the field of the generator and thusprevents the sudden application of a heavy load to the prime mover. Asthe current from the generator gradually reaches a constant value, theproportion of the current passing through the shunt 14 graduallydecreases, with the result that the load on the prime mover is graduallybrought to its maximum value.

In Fig. 7, which illustrates the second running position of thecontroller, resistance 14 is eliminated, the motor and generator beingconnected in series with one another. This increases the speed of theload due to the greater electromotive force of the generator resultingfrom its greater field strength.

In Fig. 8, which illustrates the connections corresponding to the thirdspeed position of the controller, I have shown. a variable resistance13, in shunt with the series field Winding 9 of the motor. The effect ofplacing this variable resistance in shunt with the motor field is toreduce the field strength and hence the torquev produced by the motor,and to increase the speed of the load.

Figs. 9, 10 and 11 illustratev the connections corresponding to thefourth, fifth and SiXthspeed positions of the controller, spectively,Vand are identical with the connections shown in Fig. 8, except that thevariable resistance 13 is progressively reduced from a maximum in Fig. 8to a minimum in Fig.'11. As is evident, this effects a progressivedecrease in the field strength of the Fig. l2 illustrates the connectioncorre-i sponding to the seventh speed position of the controller. Inthis position I provide for the short circuiting of the generator uponitselffto act as a magnetic clutch, there being ]ust sufficient slipbetween the field and armature thereof to generate sufficient voltage toovercome the resistance `of the generator circuit. Thus the speed andtorque applied to the load are substantially the same as the speed andtorque of the prime mover. In this position I also eliminate theresistance 13, leaving the field winding 9a connected in series With themotor armature, and I connect the field winding 9* in shunt with thisarmature and in opposition to the series field winding 9*. Thus I haveconverted the motor into a differential generator which I connect inseries with the storage battery 16, and which operates to charge thebattery at a substantially constant rate, irrespective of speed of thearmature. Obviously, the speed of the armature 8 varies with the speedof the car, and as the speed of' the car is commonly varied Within Widelimits, with the controller in this position, this converting of theseries machine into a self1'egi1lating generator is ofI greatimportance. This saine position of the controller may be utilized forthe electrical propulsion of the vehicle,` which, as above indicated, isvery convenient in tlmes of emergency. If the controller is moved tothis position when the prime mover is stationary, or nearly so, thebattery will discharge through the motor and propel the car forward fora considerable distance.

In Fig. 4 I have shown the connections for starting the prime mover,such as an internal combustion engine, lwhich connections correspondwith.the starting position of' the controller. To effect this, I connectthe storage battery in series with the generator armature 3, and thereversed generator field 4, so that the generator acts as a motor tf.turn the engine over in the proper direction. The relation of thecurrent in the field and armature, in this position, must be opposite tothat of the running position, as otherwise the engine would be turnedbaclnvard. It also results, from this reversal of armature and fieldconnection, that when the en` gine starts and its speed increases itcannot act as a generator and thus tend to drive the car, as it is stillacting as a series motor from which the currentidiminishes with iucreaseof speed, but which cannot reverse its direction. A These connectionsmav also beutilized for propelling the vehiclel backward by the battery,if the brake is released, and the prime mover is maintained stationary.

in Fig. 3 are shown the connections for charging the storage battery ata comparatively high rate when the vehicle is 'at rest, corresponding tothe charging position of the controller. In this position l connect thegenerator field i, and the resistance 15 in series therewith, across theterminals of the armature 3, and l also connect the storage battery 1Gacross said terminals for the purpose of charging` the battery. Sincethe field L is thus, in effect, connected across the terminals of thebattery 1G, the current in the field 4 will necessarily be of the properamou t and direction to cause the armature 3 to generate voltage in theproper direction before charging the battery. Thus l have converted theseries machine into a shunt generator, with weakened field, whichcharges the battery at the proper rate and prevents reversal of thesame. `When the c-ar is stationary the generator is directly driven bythe prime mover, and therefore it is not necessary to make provision forvariations in its speed.

The method of ope ation of my invention should be clear from the above.Then the vehicle and its prime mover are stationary, the first stepnecessary is to start the prime mover. rlhis is done by moving thecontroller backward to starting position, which, -as shown in Fig. l,results in driving the generator as a motor from the storage loat Ytery. The armature 3 being held stationary. the field l which isconnected to the prime mover rotates and starts the prime mover, As soonas the'prime mover starts to operate,`the controller is returned to theoff position shown in lfig. 5. To start the vehicle in motion, thecontroller is advanced to the first speed position,` and then as itsspeed picks up the controller is progressively advanced to the seventhspeed position. shown in Figi. l2. in which position, as abovedescribed, the motor acts as a generator to charge the battery. v'lt isunderstood, of course, that the speed of the prime mover, and thereforethe speed 'ot' the vehicle, may be varied within wide limits at cachsetting of the controller.

lf, for any reason, it is found necessary to charge the battery with thevehicle at rest, the prime mover is first started, as above. lint. then,instead of returning the controller to off position` it is movedbackward still another step to the charging position. ln thisl position.as shown in Fig. 3, the generator' acts to charge the battery.

l have not illustrated the specific mechanical construction of' thecontroller used by me in making the various connections above described,since this forms no part of my invention, it being `the subject-matterot a separate applic-ation, filed by Robert itil. itanley` October 7,1914, Serial No. 865,425.

.l do not' wish to limit myse f to the spe cific arrangement of partsand circuit connections shown herein, since changes Which do not departfrom the spirit of myvinvention and which are within the scope of theappended claimswill be obvious to those skilled in theart.

What l claim is:

l. ln a device for transmitting power from a prime mover to a load; thecombination of a' dynamo electric machine, one element of which isconnected to the prime mover and the otherl to the load; a second dynamoelectric machine, one element of which is stationary and the otherconnected to the load; and a controller having its contacts andconnections ar anged to connect said machines in series to actuate theload; and to short circuit the first machine on itself to act as amagnetic clutch, connect a series field and an opposing shunt field tothe armature of the second machine and connect said second machine to abattery to charge the same.

2. in a device for transmitting poWer from a prime mover to a load; thecombination of a dynamo electric machine, one element of. which isconnected to the prime mover and the other to the load; a second dynamoelectric machine, one element of which is stationary and the otherconnected to the load; and a contrller'having its contacts andconnections arranged to connect said machines in series to actuate theload and With a non-inductive resistance shunted around the iield of thefirst machine to divert the excessive starting current; to cut out saidresistance; and to short circuit the first machine on itself to act as amagnetic clutch, connect a series field and an opposing shunt fieldtothe armature of the second machine and connect said second machine to abattery to charge the same.

3. in a device for transmitting power from a prime moverte a load; thecombination ot' a dynamo electric machine, one element of which isconnected to the prime mover and the other to the load; a second dynamoelectric machine, one element of which is stationary and the otherconnected to the load; and a controller having its contacts andconnections arranged to connect said machines in series to actuate theload; to progressively decrease the field strength of the second machineto vary the speed of the load; and to short circuit the first machine onitself to act as a magnetic clutch, connect a series field and anopposing shunt field to the armature of the second machine and connectsaid second machine to a battery to charge the same.

4t. Inka device for transmitting power from a prime mover to a load; thecombination of a dynamo electric machine, one element of which isconnected to the prime mover and the other to the load; a second dynamoelectric machine, one element of which is 'stationary and the otherconnected to the load; and a controller having its contactsandconnections arranged to `connect said machines in series to actuate theload Y and with a non-inductive resistance shunted around the field ofthe first machine to divert the excessive starting current; to cut outsaid resistance; to progressively decrease the field strength of thesecond machine to vary the speed of the load; and to short circuit thefirst machine on itself to act as a magnetic clutch, connect a seriesfield and an opposing shunt field to the armature of the second machineand connect said second machine to a battery to charge the same.

5. In a device for transmitting power from a prime mover to a load; thecombination of a dynamo electric machine, one element of which isconnected to the prime mover and the other to the load; a second dynamoelectric machine, one element of which is stationary and the otherconnected to the load; and a controller having its contacts andconnections arranged to connect the field of the first machine, and aresistance in series therewith, in shunt with its armature and connectsaid first machine to a storage battery to charge the same, the

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second machine being ineffective; and to connect said machines in seriesto actuate the ioad.

6. In a device for transmitting power from a prime mover to a load; thecombination of a dynamo electric machine, one element of' which isconnected to the prime mover and the other to the load; a second dynamoelectric machine, one element of which is stationary and the otherconnected to the load; and a controller having its contacts andconnections arranged to connect the field of the first machine, and aresistance in series therewith, in shunt with its armature and connectsaid first machine to a storage battery to charge the same, the secondmachine being ineffective; to connect said machines in series to actuate'the load; and to progressively decrease the field strength of thesecond machine tovary the speed of the load.

7. in a device for transmitting power from a prime mover to a load; thecombination of a'dynamo electric machine, one ele- -ment of which isconnected to the prime mover and the other to the load; a second dynamoelectric machine, one element of which is stationary and the otherconnected to the load; and a controller having its contacts andconnections arranged to connect the field of the first machine, and aresistance in series therewith, in shunt with its armature and connectsaid first machine to a storage battery to charge the same, the secondmachine being ineffective; to connect said machines in series to actuatethe load and with a non-inductive resistance shunted around the field ofthe first machine to divert the excessive starting current; and to cutout said resistance.

8. In a device for transmitting power from a prime mover to a load; thecombination of a dynamo electric machine, one element of which isconnected to the prime mover and the other to the load; a second dynamolelectric machine, one element of which is stationary and the otherconnected to the load; and a controller having its contacts andconnections arranged to connect the field of the first machine, and aresistance in series therewith, in shunt with its armature and connectsaid first machine to a` storage battery to charge the same, the secondmachine being ineffective; to connect said machines in series to actuatethe load and with a non-inductive resistance shunted around the-field ofthe first machine to divert the excessive starting current; to cut outsaid resistance; and to progressively decrease the field strength of thesecond machine to vary the speed of the load.

9. In a device for transmitting power from a prime mover to a load; thecombination of' a dynamo electric machine, one elenient of which isconnected to the prime mover and the other to the load; a second dynamoelectric machine, one element of which is stationary and the otherconnected to the load; and a controller having its con' tacts andconnections arranged to connect the field of the first machine, and aresistance in series therewith, in shunt with its armature and connectsaid first machine to a storage battery to charge the same, the secondmachine being ineffective; to connect said machines in series toactua'te the load; and t0 short circuit the first machine on itself toact as a magnetic clutch, connect a series field and an opposing shuntfield to the armature of the second machine and connect said secondmachine to the battery to charge the same.

10. In a device for transmitting power from a prime mover to a load; thecombination of a dynamo electric machine, one element of which isconnected to the prime mover and the other to the load; a second dynamoelectric machine, one element of which is stationary and the otherconnected to the load; and a controller having its conta'cts andconnections 'arranged to connect the field of the first machine, and aresistance in series therewith, in shunt with its armature and connectsaid first machine to a storage battery to charge the same, the secondmachine being ineffective; to connect said machines in series to actuatethe load and with a non-inductive resistance shunted around the field ofthe first machine to divvert the excessive starting current; to cut outsaid resistance; and to short circuit the first machine on itself to actas a magnetic clutch, connect a series field and an opposing shunt fieldto the armature of the second machine and connect said second machine tothe battery to charge the same.

11. ln a device for transmitting power from a prime mover to a load; thecombination of a dynamo electric machine, one element of which isconnected to the prime mover and the other to the load; a second dynamoelectric machine, one element of which is stationary and the otherconnected to the load; and a controller having its contacts' andconnections arranged to connect the field of .the first machine, and aresistance in series therewith, in shunt with its armature and connectsaid first machine to a storage battery to charge the same, the secondmachine being ineffective; to connect said machines in series to actuatethe load; to progressively decrease the field strength of the'secondmachine to vary the speed ofthe load; and to short circuit the firstmachine on itself to act as a magnetic clutch, connect a series fieldand an opposing shunt field to the armature of the second machine andconnect said second machine to the battery to charge the same.

l2. ln a device for Itransmitting power from a. prime mover to a load;the combination of a dynamo electric machine, one element of which isconnected to the prime m'over and the other to the load; a second dynamoelectric machine, one element of which isI stationary and the otherconnected to the load; and a controller having its contacts andconnections arranged to connect the field of the rst machine, and aresistance in series therewith, in shunt.` with its armature and connectsaid first machine to a storage battery to charge the same, the .secondmachine being ineffective; to connect said machines in series to actuatethe load and with a non-inductive resistance shunted around the eld ofthe first machine to divert the excessive starting current; to cut outsaid resistance; to progres ively decrease the field strength of theseco d machine to vary the speed of the load; and to short circuit thefirst machine on itself to act as a magnetic clutch, connect a seriesfield and an opposing shunt field to the armature of the second machineand connect said second machine to the battery to charge the same.

13. lfn a device for transmitting power froma prime mover to a load; thecombination of a dynamo electric machine, one element of which isconnected to the prime mover and the other tothe .load; a second dynamoelectric machine,'one element of which is stationary and the otherconnected to the load; and a. controller having its contacts andconnections arranged to connect the first'machine with field reversed toa st oragepbattery to start the prime mover,

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the second machine being ineffective; to connect said machines in serieswith fields unreversed to actuate the load; and to short circuit thefirst machine on itself1 to act as a magnetic clutch, connect a seriesfield and an opposing shunt field to the armature of the second machineand connect said second machine to the battery to charge the same.

l-t. ln al deviceV for transmitting power from a prime mover to a load;the combination of' a dynamo electric machine, one element of which isconnected to the prime mover and the other to the load; a second dynamoelectric machine, one element of which is stationary and the otherconnected to the load; and a controller having its contacts andconnections Varranged to connect the first machine with field reversedto a storage battery to start the prime mover, the second machine beingineffective; to connect said machines in series with fields unreversedto actuate the load and with a non-inductive resistance shunted aroundthe field of theA first machine to divert the excessive startingcurrent; to cut out said resistance; and to short circuit the firstmachine on itself to act as a magnetic clutch, connect a series fieldand an opposing shunt field to the armature of the second machine andconnect said second machine to the battery to charge the same.

15. ln a device for transmitting power from a prime mover to a load; thecolnbination of a. dynamo electric machine, one element of which isyconnected to the prime mover and the other to the load; a second dynamoelectric machine, one element of which is stationary and the otherconnected to the load; and a controller having its contacts andconnections arranged to connect the first machine with field reversed toa storage battery to start the prime mover, the second machine beingineffective; to connect said machines in series with fields unreversedto actuate the load; to progressively decrease the field strength of thesecond machine to vary the speed of the load; and to short circuit thefirst machine on itself' to act as a magnetic clutch. connect a seriesfield and anopposing shunt field to the armature of the second machineand connect said second machine to the battery to charge the same.

16. ln a device for transmitting power from a prime mover to a load; thecombination of a dynamo electric machine, one element of which isconnected to the prime mover and the other to the load; a second dynamoelectric machine, one element of which is stationary and the otherconnected to the load; and a controller having its contacts andconnections arranged to connect the first machine with field reversed toa storage battery to start the prime mover,

the second machine being ineective; to connect said machines in serieswith fields unreversed to actuate the load and with anonmductiveresistance shunted around the field of the first machine to divert theexcessive starting current; to cut out said resistance; to progressivelydecrease the field strength of the second machine to vary the speed of'the load; and to short circuit the first machine on itself to act as aAlmagnetic clutch, connect a series field and an opposing shunt field tothe armature of the second machine and connect said second machine tothe battery to charge the same.

17. In a device for transmitting power from a prime mover lto a load;the combination of a dynamo electric machine, one ele-I ment of which isconnected to the prime mover and the other to the load: a second dynamoelectric machine, one element of which is stationary and the otherconnected to the load; and a` controller having its contacts andconnections arranged to connect the first machine with field reversed toa storage battery to start the prime mover, the second machine beingineffective; to connect the field of the first machine, and a resistancein series therewith, in shunt with its armature and connect said firstmachine to the storage battery to charge the same, the second machinebeing ineffective; to connect said machines in series with fieldsunreversed to actuate the load; and to short circuit the first machineon itself to act as a magnetic clutch, connect a series eld and anopposing shunt field to the armature of the second machine and connectsaid second machine to the battery to charge the same.

18. In a device for transmitting Apower from a prime mover to a load;the combination of a dynamo electric machine, one element of which isconnected to the prime mover and the other to the load: a second dynamoelectric machine, one element of which is stationary and the otherconnected to the load; and a controller having its contacts and.connections arranged to connect the first machine with field reversed toa storage battery to start the prime mover, the second machine beingineffective; to connect the field of the first machine, and a resistancein series therewith, in shunt with its armature and connect said firstmachine to the storage battery to charge-the same, the second machinebeing ineffective; to connect said machines in series with fieldsunreversed to actuate the load and with a non-inductive resistanceshunted around the field of the first machine to divert the eX- cessivestarting current; to cut out said resistance; to short circuit the firstmachine on itself to act as a magnetic clutch, connect a series fieldand an opposing shunt field to the armature of the second machine andconnect said second machine to the battery to charge the same.

19. In a device for transmitting power from a prime mover to a load; thecombination of a dynamo electric machine. one element of which isconnected to the prime mover and the other to the load; a second dynamoelectric machine, one element of which is stationary and the otherconnected to the load; and a controller having its contacts andconnections arranged to connect the first machine with field reversed toa v storage battery to start the prime mover, the

second machine being ineffective; to connect the field of the firstmachine, and a resistance in series therewith, in shunt with itsarmature and connect said first machine to the storage battery to chargethe same, the second machine being ineffective; to connect said machinesin series with fields unreversed to actuate the load; to progressivelydecrease the field strength of the second machine to vary the speed ofthe load: and to short circuit the first machine on itself to act as amagnetic clutch, connect a series field and an opposing shunt field tothe armature of the second machine and connect said second machine tothe battery to charge the same.

20. In a device for transmitting power from a prime mover to a load; thecombination of a dynamo electric machine, one element of which isconnected to the prime mover and the other to the load; a second dynamoelectric machine, one element of which is stationary and the otherconnected to the load; and a controller having its contacts andconnections arranged to connect the first machine with field reversed toa storage battery to start the prime mover, the second machine beingineffective; to connect the field of the first machine, and a resistancein series therewith, in shunt with its armature and connect said firstmachine to the storage battery to charge the same, the second machinebeing ineffective; to connect saidmachines in series with fieldsunreversed to actuate the load and with a noninductive resistanceshunted around the field of the first` machine to divert the excessivestarting current; to cut out said resistance; to progressively decreasethe field strength of the second machine to vary the speed of the load;and to short circuit thefirst ma; chine on itself to act as a magneticclutch, connect a series field and an opposing shunt field to thearmature of the second machine and connnect said second machine to thebattery to charge the same.

f 21. In a device for transmitting power from a prime mover to a load;the combination of a dynamo electric machine` one element of which isconnected to the prime .mover and the other to the load: a second dynamoelectric machine, one element of which is stationary and the otherconnected to the load; and a. controller having its contacts andconnections arranged to short circuit the second machine with fieldreversed through a resistance to act as an electric brake, the firstmachine being ineffective; to connect said machines in series withfields unreversed to actuate the load; and to short circuit the firstmachine on itself to act as a magnetic clutch, connect a series fieldandan opposing shunt field to the armature of the second machine andconnect said second machine to a battery to charge the same.

22. ln a device for transmitting power from a prime mover to a load; thecombination of av dynamo electric machine, one element of which isconnected to the prime movei and the other to the load; a second dynamoelectric machine. one element ot' which is stationary and the otherconnected to the load; and a controller having its contacts andconnections arranged to short circuit the second machine with fieldreversed through a resistance to act as an electric brake, the firstmachine being inedective; to connect said machines in series with fieldsunreversed to actuate the load and with a non-inductive resistanceshunted around the field of the first machine to divert the excessivestarting current; to cut out said resistalice; and to short circuit thefirst machine on itself to act asa magnetic clutch., conneet a seriesfield and an opposing shunt field to the armature of' the second machineand connect said second machine to a battery to charge the same.

23. in a device for transmitting power from a prime mover to a load; thecombination of a dynamo electric machine, one element of which isconnected to the prime mover and the other to the load; a second dynamoelectric machine, one element of which is stationary and the otherconnected to the load; and a controller havingr its contacts andconnections arranged to short circ'uit the second machine with heldreversed 3 through a resistance to act as an electric brake, the firstmachine being ineffective; to connect said machines in series withfields nnreversed to actuate the load; to progres sively decrease thefield strength of the second machine to vary the speed of the load; andto short circuit the first machine on itself to actas a magnetic clutch,connect a series field and an opposing shunt field to the arnfiture ofthe second machine and connect said second machine to a battery tocharge the same.

24. ln a device for transmitting power from a prime mover to a load; thecombination of a dynamo electric machine, one element of which isconnected to the prime mover and the other to the load; a second dynamoelectric machine, one element oit which is stationary and the otherconnected to the load; and a controller having its contacts andconnections arrangedto short circuit the second machine with fieldreversed through a resistance to act as an electric brake, the firstmachine being ineffective; to connect said machines in series Withfields unreversed to actuate the load and with a non-inductiveresistance shunted around the field of the first machine to divert theexcessive starting current; to cut out said resistance; to progressivelydecrease the field strength of the second machine to vary the speed -ofthe load; and to short circuit the first machine on itself to act as amagnetic clutch, connect a series field and an opposing shunt field tothe armature of the second machine and connect said second machine to abattery to charge the same.

ln a device for transmitting power from a prime mover to a load; thecombination ot a dynamo electric machine, one element of which isconnected tothe prime mover and the other to the load; a second dynamoelectric machine, one element of which is stationary and the otherconnected to the load; and a controller having its contacts andconnections arranged to short circuit the second machine with fieldreversed through aiesistance to act as an electric brake, the firstmachine being ineffective; to connect the first machine with fieldreversed to a storage battery to start the prime mover7 the secondmachine being ineffective; to connect said'machines in series withfields unreversed to actuate the load; and to short circuit the firstmachine on itself to act as a magnetic clutch, connect a series fieldand an opposing shunt field to the armature of the second machine andconnect said second machine to thebattery to charge the same.

2G. in a device for transmitting power from a prime mover to a load; thecombination of a dynamo electric machine, one element of which isconnected to the prime mover and the other to the load; a second dynamoelectric machine,- one element of' which is stationary and the otherconnected to the load; and a controller having its contacts andconnections arranged to'short circuit the second machine with 'fieldreversed through a resistance to act as an electric brake7 the firstmachine being ineective; to connect the field of the first machine, anda resistance in series therewith, in shunt with its armature and connectsaid first machine to a storage battery to charge the same, the secondmachine being ineffective; to connect said machines inseries with fieldsunreversed to actuate the load; and to short; circuit the rst machine4on itself to act as a magnetic clutch, connect a series field and anopposing shunt field'to the armature of the second machine and connectsaid second machine to the battery to charge the same.

27. ln a device for transmitting power from a prime mover to a load; thecombination of a dyname electric machine, one

element of which is connected to the Aprime mover and the other to theload;

a second dynamo electric machine, one element of which is stationary andthe other connected to the load; and a controller having its contactsand connections arranged to short circuit the second machine with fieldreversed through a resistance to act as an electricbrake, the firstmachine being ineffective; to connect the first machine with fieldreversed to a storage battery to start the prime mover, the secondmachine being ineffective; to connect the field of the first machine,and a resistance in series therewithq in shunt with its armature andconnect said first machine to the storage battery to chargethe same, thesecond machine being ineffective; to connect said machines in serieswith fields unreversed to actuate theload; and to short circuit thefirst machine on itself to act as a magnetic clutch, connect a seriesfield and an opposing shunt field to the armature of the second machineand connect said second machine to the battery to charge the same.

Q8. In a device for transmitting power -from a prime mover to a load;the combination of a dynamo electric machine, one element of which isconnected to the prime mover and the other to the load; a second dynamoelectric machine, one element of whichis stationary and the otherconnected to the load; and a controller having its contacts andconnections arranged to short circuit the second machine with fieldreversed through a' resistance to act as an electric brake, the firstmachine being ineffective; t0 connect the first machine with fieldreversed to a storage battery to start the prime mover, the secondmachine being ineffective; to connect the field of the first machine,and a resistance in series therewith, in shunt with its armature andconnect said first machine to the storage battery to charge thesame,.the secondmachine being ineffective; to connect said machines inseries with fields unreversed to actuate the load and with anon-inductive resistance shuntedaround the field of the first machine todivert the eX- cessive starting current; to cut out said resistance; andto short circuit the first machine on itelf to act as a magnetic clutch,connect a series field and an opposing shunt field to the armature ofthe second machine and connect said second machine to the battery tocharge the same.

29. In a device for transmitting power from a prime mover to aload; thecombination of a dvnamo electric machine, one element of which isconnected to the prime mover and the other to the load; a second dynamoelectric machine, one element of vwhich is stationary and the otherconnected to the load; anda controller having its contacts andconnections arranged to short circuit the second machine with fieldreversed through a resistance to act as an electric brake` the firstmachine being ineffective; to connect the first machine with fieldreversed to a storage battery to start the prime mover, the secondmachine heilig ineffective; to connect the field of the first machine.and a resistance in series therewith` in shunt with its armature andconnect said first machine to the sto age batter \v to charge the same,the second machine being ineffective; and to connect said machines inseries with fields unreversed to actuate the load; to progressivelydecrease the field strength of the second machine to var v the speed ofthe load; and to short circuit the first machine on itself to act as amagnetic clutch, connect a series field and an opposing shunt field tothe arniature of' the second machine and connect said second machine tothe battery to charge the same.

30. In a device for transmitting power from a prime mover to a load; thecombination of a dynamo electric machine, one element of which isconnected to the prime mover and the other to the load; a second dynamoelectric machine, one element of which is stationary and the otherconnected to the load; and a controller having its con tacts andconnections arranged to short circuit the second machine with fieldreversed through a resistance to act as an electric brake, thefirst-machine being ineffective; to connect the first machine with fieldreversed to a storage battery to start the prime mover, the secondmachine being ineffective; to connect the field of the first machine,and a lresistance in series therewith, in shunt with its armature andconnect said first machine to the storage battery to charge the same,the seco-nd machine being ineffective; to connect said machines inseries with fields unreversed to actuate the load and withanon-inductive resistance shunted around the field of the firstmachineto divert the excessive starting current; to cut out said resistance; toprogressively decrease the field strength of' the second machine to varythe speed of the load; and to short circuit the first machine on itselfto act as a magnetic clutch, connect a series field and an opposingshunt field to thearmature of the second machine and connect the saidsecond machine to a battery to charge the same.

31. In a device for transmitting power from a prime mover to a load; thecombination of a dynamo electric machine, one element of which isconnected to the prime mover and the other to the load; a second dynamoelectric machine, one element of which is stationary and the otherconnected to the load; and a controller having its contacts andconnections arranged to connect the field of the first machine, and aresistance in series therewith, in shunt with its to the load; and acontroller having its contacts and connections arrangedv to connect;

the field of the first machine, and a resistance in series therewith, inshunt with its armature and connect said first'machine to a storagebattery to charge the same, the

vsecond machine being ineffective; to connect said machines in series toactuate the load and with a non-inductive resistance shunted around thefield of the first machine to divert the excessive starting current; tocut out said resistance; and to short circuit the first machine onitself to act as a magnetic clutch.

33. in a device for transmitting power from a prime mover to a load; thecombination of a dynamo electric machine` one element ot' which isconnected to the prime mover and the other to the load; a second dynamoelectric machine, one element of which is stationary and the otherconnected to the load; and a controller having its contacts andconnections arranged to connect the field of the first machine, and aresistance in series therewith, in shunt with 'its armature and connectsaid first machine to a storage battery to charge the same, the

second machine being ineffective; to connect said machines in series toactuate the load; to progressively decrease the field strength of thesecond machine to vary the speed of the load.; and to Short circuit thefirst machine on itself to act as a magnetic clutch'.

in a device for transmitting power .from a prime mover to a load; thecombination of a dynamo electric machine, one element of which isconnected to the prime inover and the other to the load; a Second dynamoelectric machine, one element of which is stationary and the otherconnected to the load: and a controlier having its contacts andconnections arranged 'to connect 'the field of the first machine, and aresistance in series therewith, in shunt with its armature and connectsaid first machine to a, storage battery to charge the same, the secondmachine being ineffective; to connect said machines in series to actuatethe load and with a non-inductive resistance shunted around the fieldofthe first machine to divert the excessive starting current; to cut outsaid resistance; to progressively decrease the field strength of thesecond machine to vary the speed of the load; and to short` circuit thefirst machine on itself to act as' a magnetic clutch. y

In a device for transmitting power from a prime mover to a load; thecombina-- tion of a dynamo electric machine, one element of which isconnected to the prime mover and the other to the load; a second dynamoelectric machine, one element of which is stationary and the otherconnected to the load; and a controller having its contacts andconnections arranged to connect the first machine with field reversed toa storage battery to start the prime mover, the second machine beingineffec-l tive; to connect the field of the first machine, and aresistance in series therewith, in shunt with its armature and connectsaid4 first machine to the storage battery to' charge the same, thesecond machine being ine'ective; to connect said machines in series withfields nnreversed to actuate the load; and to Short circuit the firstmachine on itself to act as a magnetic clutch.

36in a. device for transmitting power from a prime mover to a load; thecombination of a dynamo electric machine, one ele# ment of which isconnected to the prime mover and the other to thel load; a second.dynamo electric machine, one element of which is stationary and theother connected I to the load: and a controller having its contacts andconnections arranged to con' nect the first machine with fieldreversed*` to a storage battery to`start the prime mover, the secondmachine heilig ineffective; to connect the field of .the first ma-vchine, anda resistance in series therewith, in shuntcavith its armatureand connectv said first machine to the storage battery to charge thesame, the second machine loe-v ing ineffective; to connect said machinesin series with fields nnrcversed to actuate the load and with anon-inductive resistance1 shunted around the field of the first machineto divert the excessive starting current; to. cut out said resistance;and to short circuit the first machine on itself to act as at magneticclutch.

37. in a device forV transmitting power from a prime mover to a ioad;the combination of a dynamo electric machine, one element of which isconnected to the prime4 mover and the other to theioad; a second dynamoelectric machine, one element of which is stationary and the othercornnected to the load; and a controller having its contacts andconnections arranged to connect the first machine with field reversed toastorage battery to start the prime mover, the second machine beingineffective; to connect the field of the first lnachine,l and aresistance in series therewith, in shunt with its armature and connectsaid first machine to the storage battery to charge the same, the secondmachine being ineffective; to connect said machines in series withfields unreversed to actuate the load; to progressively decrease thefield strength of the second machine to vary the speed of the load; andto short circuit the first machine on itself to act as a magneticclutch.

38. In a device for transmitting power from a prime mover to a load; thecombination of a dynamo electric machine, one element of which isconnected to the prime mover and the other to the load:l a secondldynamo electric machine, one element of which is stationary and theother connected to the load; and a controller having its contacts andconnections arranged to connect the first machine with field reversed toa storage battery to start the prime mover, the second machine beingineff'ective; t0 connect the field of' the first machine. and aresistance in series therewith, in shunt with its armature and connectsaid first machine to the storage battery to charge the same, the secondmachine being ineffective; to connect said machines in series withfields nnreversed to actuate the load and with a non-inductiveresistance shnnted around the field of the first machine to divert theeX- cessive starting current: to cut out said resistance; toprogressively decrease the field strength of the second machine to varythe speed of' the load: and to short circuit the first machine on itselfto act as a magnetic clutch.

5:39. in a device for transmitting power Afrom a prime mover to a load;the combination of a dynamo electric machine, one element of which isconnected to the prime mover and the other to the load: a second dynamoelectric machine, one element of which is stationary and the otherconnected to the load; and a controller having its contacts andconnections arranged to short circuituthe second machine with fieldreversed through a resistance to act as an electric brake, the firstmachine being ineffective: to connect the field .of the first machine.and a resistance in series therewith, in shunt with its armature andconnect said first. machine to a storage battery to charge the same, thesecond machine being ineffective; to connect said machines in serieswith fields unreversed to actuate the load; 'and to short circuit thefirst machine on itself to act as a magnetic clutch.

if). In a device fortransmitting power from a prime mover to a load; thecombination of a dynamo electric machine, one element of' which isconnected to the prime mover and the other to the load; a second dynamoelectric machine, one element of which is stationary and the otherconnected to the load; and a controller having its contacts andconnections arranged to short circuit the second machine with fieldreversed through a resistance to act as an electric brake, the firstmachine being ineffective; to connect the first machine with fieldreversed to a storage battery to start the prime mover, the. secondmachine being ineffective; to connect the field of the first machine,and a resistance in series therewith, in shunt with its armature andconnect said first machine to the storage battery to charge the same,the second machine being ineffective; to connect said machinesl inseries with fields unreversed to actuate the load; and to short circuitthe first machine on itself to act as a magnetic clutch.

l1. In a device for transmitting power from a prime mover to a load; thecombination ofI a dynamo electric machine, one element of which isconnected to the prime mover and the other to the load; a second dynamoelectric machine, one element of which is stationary and the otherconnected to the load: and a. controller having its contacts andconnections arranged to shortcircuit the second machine with fieldreversed through a resistance to act as an electric brake, the firstmachine being ineffective: to connect the first machine with fieldreversed to a storage battery to start the prime mover, the secondmachine being ineffective: to connect the field of the first machine,and a resistance in series therewith. in shuntwith its armature andconnect said first machine to the storage battery to charge the same.the seco'nd machine being ineffective: to connect saidmachines in serieswith fields unreversed to actuate the load and with a non-inductiveresistance shunted around the field of the first machine to divert the.excessive starting current; to cut out said resistance; and to shortcircuit the first machine on itself'- to act as a magnetic clutch.

l2. in a device for transmitting power from a prime mver to a load; thecombination of a. dynamo electric machine, one element of which isconnected to the prime mover and the other to the load; a second dynamoelectric machine, one element of' which is stationary and the. otherconnected to the load: and a controller having its contacts andconnections arranged to short cirl cuit the second machine with fieldreversed through a. resistance to act as an electric brake, the firstmachine being ineffective; to connect the first machine with fieldreversed to a storage battery to start the prime, mover. the secondmachine being ineffective: to connect the field of the first machine,and a resistance in series therewith, in shunt with its armature andconnect said first machine to the storage battery to charge the same,the second machine being ineffective; to connect said machines in serieswith fields unreversed to actuate the load; to progres sively decreasethe field strenlgth of the second machine to vary the speed of the load;and to short circuit the first machine on itself to act as a magneticclutch.

n a device for transmitting power from a prime mover to a load; thecombination of a dynamo electric machine, one element of which isconnected to the prime mover and the other to the load; a second dynamoelectric machine, one element of which is stationary and the otherconnected to the loadgand a controller having its contacts andconnections arranged to short circuit the second machine with fieldreversed through a resistance to act as an electric brake, the firstmachine being inedective; to connect the first machine with fieldreversed to a storage battery to start the prime mover, the secondmachine being ineffective; to connect the field of the first machine,and a resistance in series therewith, in shunt with its armature andconnect said first machine to the storage battery to charge the same,the vsecond machine being ineffective; to connect said machines inseries with fields unreversed to actuate the load and. with Ianon-inductive resistance shunted around the field of the first machineto divert the excessive starting current; to cut out said resistance; toprogressively decrease the field strength of the second machine to varythe speed of the load; and to short circuit the first machine` on'itself to act as a magnetic clutch.

44. `ln a device for transmitting power from a prime mover to a load:the combination of a dynamo electric machine, one element of which isconnected to the prime mover and the other to the load; a second dynamoelectric machine, one element of which is stationary and theA otherconnected to the load; and a controller having its contacts andconnections arranged to connect a series field and an opposing shuntfield to the armature of the second machine and connect said secondmachine to a battery to charge the sariie.

45. In a device for transmitting power from a prime mover to a load; thecombination of a ydynamo electric machine, one element ,of which isconnected to the prime mover and the other to the load; a second dynamoelectric machine, one element of which is stationary and the otherconnected to the load; and a controller having its contacts andconnections arranged to short circuit the first machine on itself to actas a magnetic clutch, and at the same time connectA the second machineto a storage battery to charge the same.

4G. In a device for transmitting power from a prime mover to a load; thecombination of a dynamo electric machine, one element of which isconnected to the prime mover and the other to the load; a second mor/rsadynamo electric machine,l one element of which is stationary and theother connected' to the load; and a controllerl having its contacts andconnections arranged to short circuit the first machine on itself toactas a magnetic clutch, and at the same time con nect a series fieldand an opposing shunt field to the armature of the second machine andconnect said second machine to a storage battery to charge the same. Y

4:7. ln a device for transmitting power from a prime mover to a load;the combination of a dynamo electric machine, one element of which isconnected to the prime mover and the other to the loadrza second dynamoelectric machine, one element of which is stationary and the otherconnected to the load; and a controller having its contacts andconnections arranged to connect said machines in series to actuate theload; and to short circuit the first machine on itself to act as amagnetic clutch and` connect the second machine to a storage battery tocharge the same.

48. lfn a. device for transmitting power from a prime mover to a load;lthe combination of a dynamo electric machine, one element of whichisconnected to the prime mover and the other to the loadqa second dynamoelectric machine, one element of which is stationary and the otherconnected to the load; and a controller having its conltacts andconnections arranged to connect the eld of the first machine andV aresistance in series therewith in shunt with its armature and connectsaid first machine to a storage battery to charge the same and to shortcircuit the first machine on itself to act asa magnetic clutch andconnect the second machine to a storage battery to charge the same.

49. ln a device for transmitting power fro i a prime mover to a load;the combination of av dynamo electric machine, one element of which isconnected to-the prime mover and the other to the load; a second dynamoelectric machine, one element of which is stationary and the otherconnected to the load; and a controller having its contacts andconnections arranged to connect the field of the first machine in shuntwith its armature and connect said first machine to a storage battery tocharge the same; and to short circuit the first machine on itself to actas a magnetic clutch and connect a series field and an opposing shuntfield to the ar mature of the second machine'and connect said secondmachine to a storage battery to charge the same.

50. In a device foi' transmitting power from a prime mover to a load;the combination of a dynamo electric machine, one element of which isconnected to the prime mover and the other to the load; a second dynamoelectric machine, one element of which is stationary and the otherconnected to the load; and a. controller having its contacts andconnections arranged to connect the first machine with field reversed toa storage battery to start the prime mover, the second machine beingineffective, and to short'circuit the first machine on itself to act asa magnetic clutch, and connect the second machine to a storage batteryto charge the same'.

51. In a device for transmitting power from a prime mover to a load; thecombina'- tion of a dynamo electric machine,4 one element of which isconnected to the prime mover and the other to the load; a second dynamoelectric machine, one element of which is stationary and the otherconnected to the load; and a, controller having its contacts andconnections arranged to connect the first machine with field reversed toa storage battery to start the prime mover, the second machine beingineffective; and to short circuit the first machine on itself to act asar magnetic clutch, connect a series field and an opposing shunt fieldto the armature of the second machine, and connect said second machineto the battery to charge the same.

52. In a device for transmitting power from a prime mover to a load; thecombination of a. dynamo electric machine, one element of which isconnected to the prime mover and the other to the load; a second dynamoelectric machine, onev element of which is stationary and the otherconnected to the load; and a controller having its contacts andconnections arranged to short circuit the second machine with fieldreversed throu'gh a. resistance to act as a magnetic brake; and to shortcircuit the first machine on itself to act as a magnetic clutch, andconnect the second machine to a storage battery to charge the same.

53. In a device tor transmitting power from a prime mover to a load; thecombination ofi' a. dynamo electric machine, one element of which isconnected to the prime. mover and the other to the. load; a seconddynamo electric machine. one element ot which is stationary and theother connected to the load; and a controller having` its contacts andconnections arranged to short circuit the second machine with fieldreversed through a resistance to actas an electric brake, the firstmachine being inetlective; and to short circuit the first machine onitself to act as a magnetic clutch. connect a series field and anopposing shunt field to the ar mature of the second machine. and connectsaid second machine to a battery to charge the saine.

JUSTUS B. ETZ. Titnesses VALTER S. JONES, A. M. WALL.

